Sustainable Development Goal 10
Developing the introduction
Overall Aim of Sustainable Development Goal 10 – Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Development Goal 10 aims at reducing inequality within and among countries. This SDG calls for reducing inequalities in income as well as those based on age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status within a country. The goal also addresses inequalities among countries, including those related to representation, migration and development assistance.
The international community has made significant strides towards lifting people out of poverty. The most vulnerable nations – the least developed countries, the landlocked developing countries and the Small Island developing States – continue to make inroads into poverty reduction. However, inequality still persists and large disparities remain in access to health and education services and other assets.
The targets are:
10.1 By 2030. progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
10.2 By 2030. empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality
10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
10.A Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreements
10.B Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes
10.C By 2030. reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
Inequalities based on income, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, race, class, ethnicity, religion and opportunity continue to persist across the world, within and among countries. Inequality threatens longt-term social and economic development, harms poverty reduction and destroys people’s sense of fulfilment and self-worth. This, in turn, can breed crime, disease and environmental degradation.
Most importantly, we cannot achieve sustainable development and make
the planet better for all if people are excluded from opportunities, services, and the chance for a better life.
Why is it important for educational community?
Reducing inequality requires transformative change. Greater efforts are needed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, and invest more in health, education, social protection and decent jobs especially for young people, migrants and refugees and other vulnerable communities.
Within countries, it is important to empower and promote inclusive social and economic growth. We can ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of income if we eliminate discriminatory laws, policies and practices.
Among countries, we need to ensure that developing countries are better represented in decision-making on global issues so that solutions can be more effective, credible and accountable.
Governments and other stakeholders can also promote safe, regular and responsible migration, including through planned and well-managed policies, for the millions of people who have left their homes seeking better lives due to war, discrimination, poverty, lack of opportunity and other drivers of migration.
It can be and should be achieved to ensure a life of dignity for all. Political, economic and social policies need to be uni- versal and pay particular attention to the needs of disadvantaged and mar- ginalized communities. Recent statistics have shown that this is possible. Between 2010 and 2016, in 60 out of 94 countries with data, the incomes of the poorest 40 percent of the population grew faster than those of the entire population.
Key dimensions of Sustainable Development 10 Reduced Inequalities
● No poverty.
● Zero hunger.
● Good health and well-being.
● Quality education.
● Gender equality.
● Clean water and sanitation.
● Affordable and clean energy.
● Decent work and economic growth.
SDG 10 calls for increasing the income of bottom 40 % of the population and reducing inequalities based on income, sex, age, disability, race, class, ethnicity, religion and opportunity by adopting relevant policies and legislation. It also aims to improve the regulation and monitoring of financial markets and institutions.
SDG 10 addresses between-country inequalities by encouraging development assistance and foreign direct investment to the regions with the greatest need, promoting the implementation of the principle of special and differentiated trade treatment for developing countries and the representation of developing countries in decision-making in global economic and financial institutions.
SDG 10 seeks to promote social inclusion globally through the facilitation of safe, orderly and regular migration and the reduction of transaction costs of migrant remittances.
Monitoring SDG 10 in an EU context focuses on progress made in reducing inequalities between and within countries and in achieving social inclusion and safe migration.
The interplay between Sustainable Development Goal 10 Reduced Inequalities and the acquisition of 21st century skills
Education is UNESCO’s top priority because it is a basic human right and the foundation on which to build peace and drive sustainable development.
Embarking on the path of sustainable development will require a profound transformation of how we think and act. To create a more sustainable world and to engage with sustainability-related issues as described in the SDGs, individuals must become sustainability change-makers. They require the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes that empower them to contribute to sustainable development. Education, therefore, is crucial for the achievement of sustainable development.
Learning objectives for SDG 10 Reduce Inequality:
1.The learner knows different dimensions of inequality, their interrelations and applicable statistics.
2. The learner knows indicators that measure and describe inequalities and understands their relevance for decision-making.
3. The learner understands that inequality is a major driver for societal problems and individual dissatisfaction.
4. The learner understands local, national and global processes that both promote and hinder equality (fiscal, wage, and social protection policies, corporate activities, etc. ).
5. The learner understands ethical principles concerning equality and is aware of psychological processes that foster discriminative behaviour and decision making.
Socio-emotional learning objectives:
1. The learner is able to raise awareness about inequalities.
2. The learner is able to feel empathy for and to show solidarity with people who are discriminated against.
3. The learner is able to negotiate the rights of different groups based on shared values and ethical principles.
4. The learner becomes aware of inequalities in their surroundings as well as in the wider world and is able to recognize the problematic consequences.
5. The learner is able to maintain a vision of a just and equal world. Behavioural learning objectives:
1. The learner is able to evaluate inequalities in their local environment in terms of quality (different dimensions, qualitative impact on individuals) and quantity (indicators, quantitative impact on individuals).
2. The learner is able to identify or develop an objective indicator to compare different groups, nations, etc. with respect to inequalities.
3. The learner is able to identify and analyse different types of causes and reasons for inequalities.
4. The learner is able to plan, implement and evaluate strategies to reduce inequalities.
5. The learner is able to engage in the development of public policies and corporate activities that reduce inequalities.
